Abstract：Yi-fu Tuan's book called Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values is a representative work in humanistic geography. In terms of methodology, Chinese geographers usually study humanistic geography from the perspective of phenomenology and existentialism. However, this article will focus on the other methodology called idealism in humanistic geography based on Topophila as a case. To start with, based on idealism, Yi-fu Tuan attempts to achieve a comprehensive understanding of environmental study in this book. from the normative point of human experiences and geosophy study, two perspectives calle ‘existential perspective’ and ‘situational perspective’ are integrated together. While the ‘existential perspective’ highlighting the start point of human consciousness, the ‘situational perspective’ stresses the startpoint of the environment. All the three perspectives (normative, existential and situational) form into a triangular system, based on which Topophilia can take various human experiences into account. This system leads to a comprehensive research in environmental studies. Moreover, the essential connotation of idealism in Topophilia is manifested as a circular or mandala image. This image stems from the thoughts of Plato and advocated by Jung's psychoanalytic school since the early 20th century. These thoughts contribute to Yi-fu Tuan's idealism. The circular image is in the unconsciousness of human beings according to Jung. And Yi-fu Tuan suggests that this image not only symbolizes the human continuous pursuing of ideal environments on earth, but also demonstrates in city structures throughout different areas and periods. This is the main idea of Yi-fu Tuan's city ontological thought. At present, the study of humanistic geography in China usually focuses on the distinctions among various geosophies and experiences, but always overlooks the inner common base in humanistic geography. As a result, humans are always understood as a one-dimension pattern of the whole environment. However, idealism, as the key methodology in Topophilia, definitely provides new inspirations.
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Tuan Y-F. Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets[M]. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004:ix.
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Peet R. Modern Geographical Thought[M]. London: Blackwell Publishing, 1998:53-54.
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Tuan Y-F. Place: An experiential perspective[J]. Geographical Review, 1975,65(2):151-164.
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Paul Cloke, Chris Philo, David Sadler. Approaching Human Geography[M]. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd, 1991:70, 77.
[19]
Tim Cresswell,著.地方:记忆、想象与认同[M].徐苔玲,王志弘,译. 台北:群学出版有限公司,2006:35. [Cresswell T. Place: A Short Introduction[M]. Xu Tailing, Wang Zhihong, trans. Taibei: Socio Publishing, 2006:35.]
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[20]
约翰·弗兰姆.神学认识论[M].陈德中,孙为鲲,译.加州:中华展 望,2011:90-92,108. [John M Frame. The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God[M]. Chen Dezhong, Sun Weikun, trans. C A: China Horizon, 2011:90-92,108.]
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[21]
顾朝林,于涛方,李平,等.人文地理学流派[M].北京:高等教育出版 社,2008:97. [Gu Chaolin, Yu Taofang, Li Ping, et al. The Academic Schools of Human Geography[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008:97.]
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Tuan Y-F. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience[M]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,1977:8,173-175.
[22]
Peet R. Modern Geographical Thought[M]. London: Blackwell Publishing, 1998:53-54.
[29]
Tuan Y-F. The city: Its distance from nature[J]. Geographical Review, 1978,68(1):1-12.
[19]
Tim Cresswell,著.地方:记忆、想象与认同[M].徐苔玲,王志弘,译. 台北:群学出版有限公司,2006:35. [Cresswell T. Place: A Short Introduction[M]. Xu Tailing, Wang Zhihong, trans. Taibei: Socio Publishing, 2006:35.]
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[20]
约翰·弗兰姆.神学认识论[M].陈德中,孙为鲲,译.加州:中华展 望,2011:90-92,108. [John M Frame. The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God[M]. Chen Dezhong, Sun Weikun, trans. C A: China Horizon, 2011:90-92,108.]
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卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格,著.心理学与文学[M].冯川,苏克,译.南 京:译林出版社,2014:6. [Carl Gustav Jung. The Spirit in Man, Psychology and Literature[M]. Feng Chuan, Su Ke, trans. Nanjing: Yilin Press, 2014:6.]
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Tuan Y-F. Romantic Geography: In Search of the Sublime Landscape[M]. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 2013:113.
[21]
顾朝林,于涛方,李平,等.人文地理学流派[M].北京:高等教育出版 社,2008:97. [Gu Chaolin, Yu Taofang, Li Ping, et al. The Academic Schools of Human Geography[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008:97.]
[25]
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[22]
Peet R. Modern Geographical Thought[M]. London: Blackwell Publishing, 1998:53-54.
[26]
R J 约翰斯顿.哲学与人文地理学[M].蔡运龙,江涛,译.北京:商务印 书馆,2000:81. [Johnston R J. Philosophy and Human Geography[M]. Cai Yunlong, Jiang Tao, trans. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2000:81.]
[33]
Tuan Y-F. A view of geography[J]. American Geographical Society, 1991,81(1):99-107.
[23]
崔诚亮.荣格的原型思想研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2006:2. [Cui Chengliang. The Study of Jung's Archetype Thought[D]. Xiangtan: Xiangtan University, 2006:2.]
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[34]
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[24]
卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格,著.心理学与文学[M].冯川,苏克,译.南 京:译林出版社,2014:6. [Carl Gustav Jung. The Spirit in Man, Psychology and Literature[M]. Feng Chuan, Su Ke, trans. Nanjing: Yilin Press, 2014:6.]
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[36]
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[26]
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[30]
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[27]
卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格.原型与集体无意识——荣格文集(第五 卷)[M].徐德林,译.北京: 国际文化出版公司,2011:294. [Carl Gustav Jung. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious[M]. Xu Delin, trans. Beijing: China International Culture Press Limited, 2011:294.]
[31]
Tuan Y-F. Romantic Geography: In Search of the Sublime Landscape[M]. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 2013:113.
[39]
Tuan Y-F. Humanistic geography[J]. Annals of The Association of American Geographers, 1976,66 (2):266-276.
[28]
卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格,等.潜意识与心灵成长[M].张月,译.南京: 译林出版社,2014:242. [Carl Gustav Jung, et al. Man and His Symbols[M]. Zhang Yue, trans. Nanjing: Yilin Press, 2014:242.]
[32]
段义孚.无边的恐惧[M].徐文宁,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011: 126. [Tuan Y-F. Landscapes of Fear[M]. Xu Wenning, trans. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2011:126.]
[40]
Relph E. Place and Placelessness[M]. London: Pion Limited, 1976: 80.
[29]
Tuan Y-F. The city: Its distance from nature[J]. Geographical Review, 1978,68(1):1-12.
[33]
Tuan Y-F. A view of geography[J]. American Geographical Society, 1991,81(1):99-107.
[41]
Seamon D, Sowers J. Place and placelessness (1976): Edward Relph[M]//Hubbard P, Kitchin R, Valentine G. Key Texts in Human Geography. London: Sage Publication, 2008:43.
[30]
周尚意". 段义孚先生在北京师范大学的报告会"纪要[J].地理学 报,2005,60(5):866-867. [Zhou Shangyi. The summary of Yi-fu Tuan's seminar in Beijing Normal University[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005,60(5):866-867.]
[34]
Tuan Y-F. Time, space, and architecture: Some philosophical musings[M]//Ruan X, Hogben P. Topophilia and Topophobia: Reflections on Twentieth Century Human Habitat. London and New York: Routledge, 2007: 29.
[31]
Tuan Y-F. Romantic Geography: In Search of the Sublime Landscape[M]. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 2013:113.
[35]
段义孚.回家记[M].志丞,译.上海: 上海译文出版社,2013:35-38.[Tuan Y-F. Coming Home to China[M]. Zhi Cheng, trans. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2013:35-38.]
[32]
段义孚.无边的恐惧[M].徐文宁,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011: 126. [Tuan Y-F. Landscapes of Fear[M]. Xu Wenning, trans. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2011:126.]
[36]
Tuan Y-F. On human geography[J]. Daedalus, 2003,132(2):134-137.
[33]
Tuan Y-F. A view of geography[J]. American Geographical Society, 1991,81(1):99-107.
[37]
康德.纯粹理性批判(注释本)[M].李秋零,译注.北京: 中国人民大 学出版社,2011:117. [Immanuel Kant. The Critique of Pure Reason[M]. Li Qiuling, trans. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2011:117.]
[38]
马海龙,樊杰.地理学中人的基本假设刍议[J].人文地理,2016,31 (1):1-7. [Ma Hailong, Fan Jie. Discussion on the human hypothesis in geography[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(1):1-7.]
[34]
Tuan Y-F. Time, space, and architecture: Some philosophical musings[M]//Ruan X, Hogben P. Topophilia and Topophobia: Reflections on Twentieth Century Human Habitat. London and New York: Routledge, 2007: 29.
[39]
Tuan Y-F. Humanistic geography[J]. Annals of The Association of American Geographers, 1976,66 (2):266-276.
[35]
段义孚.回家记[M].志丞,译.上海: 上海译文出版社,2013:35-38.[Tuan Y-F. Coming Home to China[M]. Zhi Cheng, trans. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2013:35-38.]
[40]
Relph E. Place and Placelessness[M]. London: Pion Limited, 1976: 80.
[36]
Tuan Y-F. On human geography[J]. Daedalus, 2003,132(2):134-137.
[41]
Seamon D, Sowers J. Place and placelessness (1976): Edward Relph[M]//Hubbard P, Kitchin R, Valentine G. Key Texts in Human Geography. London: Sage Publication, 2008:43.
